Dhifaf J. Shamran ¹✉, Emaduldeen H. Abed ², Afrah H. A. Al-Baqiri ¹ Mohammed M. TA ², Dhuha J. Mahdi³
¹Agriculture College, Al Muthanna University, Iraq
²Environment Research Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
³Studies and Planning Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
Received: Dec 28, 2022/ Accepted: Jan 26, 2023/ Published: Jan 28, 2023
(✉) Corresponding Author: dhifaf15@mu.edu.iq
Abstract
This study investigates antibiotics or enhances the activity of exciting antimicrobials. Concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.121, and 1.56 mg/ml) of green tea (GT) and corn hair (CH) water extracts alone and mixed, were investigated against Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogene, and Candida krusi. GT shows the best antibacterial activity against L. monocytogene 26 and 24 mm by 200 and 100 mg/ml. Mix enhances antibacterial activity to 35 mm against K. pneumonia and 33 mm on P. aeruginosa using 25 mg/ml from the mixture. Synergistic effect of a mixture (GT and CH) with antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and Erythromycin (Eryc), was also studied. Mix increased the antibacterial activity of Cipro to 38 mm against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa, compared to 18 and 17 mm used alone. Also, the extract mix raised Eryc antibacterial activity to 28 and 29 mm, on K. pneumonia and L. monocytogene, compared to 17 mm used alone. In conclusion, activity of commercial antibiotics can be enhanced by synergistic effect of plant extracts.
Keywords: AMR, Green tea, Corn hair, Antimicrobial effect, Synergistic effect
References
Abed, E. H., Makki, M., Shamran, D. J. (2019). Increasing the effectiveness of ethanol against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using Pulicariaundulata plant extract from Al Muthanna desert. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11: 505-509.
Abirami, S., Priyalakshmi, M., Soundariya, A., Samrot, A. V., Saigeetha, S., Emilin, R. R., Inbathamizh, L. (2021). Antimicrobial activity, antiproliferative activity, amylase inhibitory activity and phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract of corn (zea mays L.) silk. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 4: 100089.
Al-Bakri, S. A. A., Abed, E. H., Mohammed, M. T. A., Ajeel, E. A. (2021). Improvement of the Ethanol activity by using leaves extract of Artemisia herb alba against Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 779: 012026.
Allison, K. R., Brynildsen, M. P., Collins, J. J. (2011). Metabolite-enabled eradication of bacterial persisters by aminoglycosides. Nature, 473: 216-220.
Anand, P. K., Kaul, D., Sharma, M. (2006). Green tea polyphenol inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival within human macrophages. The International Journal of Biochemistry Cell Biology, 38: 600-609.
Aukkanit, N., Kemngoen, T., Ponharn, N. (2015). Utilization of corn silk in low fat meatballs and its characteristics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197: 1403-1410.
Ayaz, M., Ullah, F., Sadiq, A., Ullah, F., Ovais, M., Ahmed, J., Devkota, H. P. (2019). Synergistic interactions of phytochemicals with antimicrobial agents: Potential strategy to counteract drug resistance. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 308: 294-303.
Bollenbach, T. (2015). Antimicrobial interactions: mechanisms and implications for drug discovery and resistance evolution. Current opinion in microbiology, 27: 1-9.
Butt, M. S., Sultan, M. T. (2009). Green tea: nature’s defense against malignancies. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 49: 463-473.
Chanel, R., Doherty, B. (2020). Superbugs’ a far greater risk than Covid in Pacifc, scientist warns. The Guardian. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/10/superbugs-a-far-greater-risk-than-covid-in-pacifc-scientist-warns
Chen, X. J., Guo, B. L., Li, S. P., Zhang, Q. W., Tu, P. F., Wang, Y. T. (2007). Simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids in Epimedium using pressurized liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1163: 96-104.
Cushnie, T. T., Cushnie, B., Lamb, A. J. (2014). Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 44: 377-386.
Dabour, R., Meirson, T., Samson, A. O. (2016). Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 7: 132-134.
Dicle, Y., Yazgi, H., Coşkun, M. V., Topalcengiz, Z. (2022). Synergistic antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin and green tea extract on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from clinical cases. Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene Experimental Biology/Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji, 79: 3-12.
Dietz, C., Dekker, M. (2017). Effect of green tea phytochemicals on mood and cognition. Current pharmaceutical design, 23: 2876-2905.
Frieri, M., Kumar, K., Boutin, A. (2017). Antibiotic resistance. Journal of infection and public health, 10: 369-378.
Gallagher, J. C., MacDougall, C. (2022). Antibiotics simplified, 15-17 pp., Jones Bartlett Learning, Boston, USA.
Hamilton-Miller, J. M. (1995). Antimicrobial properties of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 39: 2375-2377.
Handa, S. S., Khanuja, S. P. S., Longo, G., Rakesh, D. D. (2008). Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22 pp., United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology, Italy.
Khan, H. (2014). Medicinal plants in light of history: recognized therapeutic modality. Journal of evidence-based complementary alternative medicine, 19: 216-219.
Kilani, S., Abdelwahed, A., Ammar, R. B., Hayder, N., Ghedira, K., Chraief, I., Chekir-Ghedira, L. (2005). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antimutagenic activities of essential oil from (Tunisian) Cyperus rotundus. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17: 695-700.
Lee, Y. S., Han, C. H., Kang, S. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, S. W., Shin, O. R., Cho, Y. H. (2005). Synergistic effect between catechin and ciprofloxacin on chronic bacterial prostatitis rat model. International journal of urology, 12: 383-389.
Molnár, J., Engi, H., Hohmann, J., Molnár, P., Deli, J., Wesolowska, O., Wang, Q. (2010). Reversal of multidrug resistance by natural substances from plants. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 10: 1757-1768.
Naylor, N. R., Atun, R., Zhu, N., Kulasabanathan, K., Silva, S., Chatterjee, A., Knight, A. M., Robotham, J. V. (2018). Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic literature review. Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control, 7: 1-17.
Nessa, F., Ismail, Z., Mohamed, N. (2012). Antimicrobial activities of extracts and flavonoid glycosides of corn silk (Zea mays L). International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries, 1: 115-120.
Prestinaci, F., Pezzotti, P., Pantosti, A. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and global health, 109: 309-318.
Samuel, S. (2019). Our antibiotics are becoming useless, Vox Media. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from https://www.vox.com/futureperfect/2019/5/7/18535480/drug-resistance-antibiotics-un-report.
Shibata, H., Kondo, K., Katsuyama, R., Kawazoe, K., Sato, Y., Murakami, K., Higuti, T. (2005). Alkyl gallates, intensifiers of β-lactam susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 49: 549-555.
Singh, J., Inbaraj, B. S., Kaur, S., Rasane, P., Nanda, V. (2022). Phytochemical Analysis and Characterization of Corn Silk (Zea mays, G5417). Agronomy, 12: 777.
Tsuchiya, H. (1999). Effects of green tea catechins on membrane fluidity. Pharmacology, 59: 34-44.
Ventola, C. L. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharmacy and therapeutics, 40: 277.
Xu, L., Xia, G., Luo, Z., Liu, S. (2019). UHPLC analysis of major functional components in six types of Chinese teas: Constituent profile and origin consideration. LWT, 102: 52-57.
Yee, Y. K., Koo, M. W. L. (2000). Anti‐Helicobacter pylori activity of Chinese tea: in vitro study. Alimentary pharmacology therapeutics, 14: 635-638.
How to cite this article
Shamran, D. J., Abed, E. A., Al-Baqiri, A. H. A., Mohammed, M. T. A. and Mahdi, D. J. (2023). Synergistic Effect of Green Tea and Corn Hair Extract on Some Pathogenic Microorganisms. Microbial Science Archives, Vol. 3 (1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.47587/MSA.2023.3101
Licence Article Metadata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
