Mariam Ahmad Zayden✉ and Mahmood Khalaf Saleh
Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Iraq
Received: Nov 20, 2022/ Revised: Dec 22, 2022/ Accepted: Dec 24, 2022
(✉) Corresponding Author: mazm94zedan@gmail.com
Abstract
One hundred samples were collected from children tonsillitis, (1-12) years, in Al-Shirqat General Hospital through the period from October to November 2018.Isolated was divided into two parts according to gram stain (Positive and Negative bacteria). 77 isolates (85.5%) were gram positive and 13 isolates (14.5%) was gram negative bacteria. The sensitivity of the isolates was tested for some antibiotics, and the negative bacteria for the gram stain showed high resistance to the antibiotics compared to the positive bacteria for the gram stain. The inhibitory activity of ahcoholic and aqueous for truffle Terfezia sp. and Gonoderma lucidum was four different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) mg / ml. The results showed that the aqueous extracts against some isolates was inhibition zone diameters between (8-25) mm. While the results of alcoholic truffle extract were not showed any activity against isolates. Also the results of the aqueous extract of the Gonoderma lucidum showed the inhibitory activity of some isolates with inhibition zone between (7-30) mm. As for the alcoholic extract of the mushroom, it was not showed any inhibition activity against the bacterial isolates.
Keywords Tonsillitis, Terfezia sp., Gonoderma lucidum, Antibacterial activity
References
Al-Laith, A. A. A. (2010). Antioxidant components and antioxidant/antiradical activities of desert truffle (Tirmania nivea) from various Middle Eastern origins. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23(1), 15-22.
CLSI. (2022). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Coutinho, G., Duerden, M., Sessa, A., Caretta‐Barradas, S. and Altiner, A. (2021). Worldwide comparison of treatment guidelines for sore throat. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(5), e13879.
Darwish, R. S., Shawky, E., Nassar, K. M., ElSayed, R. M. R., Hussein, D. E., Ghareeb, D. A., and El Sohafy, S. M. (2021). Differential anti-inflammatory biomarkers of the desert truffles Terfezia claveryi and Tirmania nivea revealed via UPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics combined to chemometrics. LWT, 150, 111965.
Dingeo, G., Brito, A., Samouda, H., Iddir, M., La Frano, M. R. and Bohn, T. (2020). Phytochemicals as modifiers of gut microbial communities. Food & function, 11(10), 8444-8471.
El Enshasy, H., Elsayed, E. A., Aziz, R. and Wadaan, M. A. (2013). Mushrooms and truffles: historical biofactories for complementary medicine in Africa and in the middle East. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.
Farooqi, I. A., Akram, T. and Zaka, M. (2017). Incidence and empiric use of antibiotics therapy for tonsillitis in children. Int J Appl Res, 3(12), 323-27.
Gouzi, H., Belyagoubi, L., Abdelali, K. N. and Khelifi, A. (2011). In vitro antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts from Algerian desert truffles (Terfezia and Tirmania, Ascomycetes) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 13(6).
Hu, H., Zhang, Z., Lei, Z., Yang, Y., and Sugiura, N. (2009). Comparative study of antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effect of hot water and ethanol extracts from the mushroom Inonotus obliquus. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 107(1), 42-48.
Ibrahim, N. and Kebede, A. (2020). In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous leave extracts of selected medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(9), 2261-2268.
Janakat, S., Al‐Fakhiri, S., and Sallal, A. K. (2004). A promising peptide antibiotic from Terfezia claveryi aqueous extract against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 18(10), 810-813.
Kamble, R., Venkata, S. and Gupte, A. M. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 5(2), 983-6.
Kaygusuz, O., Seçme, M., & Kaygusuz, M. (2021). Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Scaly Tooth Wild Mushroom, Sarcodon squamosus (Agaricomycetes), from Turkey. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 23(6).
Kirby, W. M., Bauer, A. W., Sherris, J. C., and Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. Am. J. Clin. Pathology, 45(4): 493 – 496.
Lee, H., Nam, K., Zahra, Z. and Farooqi, M. Q. U. (2020). Potentials of truffles in nutritional and medicinal applications: A review. Fungal biology and biotechnology, 7(1), 1-17.
Masahiro, K., Daisuke, T. and Shigeru, Y. (2005). CDC guideline based prevention of surgical site infection. The Spine Journal, 5(4)pp:10.
Memmott, P., Lansbury, N., Go-Sam, C., Nash, D., Redmond, A. M., Barnes, S. and Frank, P. N. (2022). Aboriginal social housing in remote Australia: crowded, unrepaired and raising the risk of infectious diseases. Global Discourse, 12(2), 255-284.
Mitra, D., Mondal, R., Khoshru, B., Senapati, A., Radha, T. K., Mahakur, B. and Das Mohapatra, P. K. (2021). Enhanced plant growth, nutrient acquisition, and crop protection by using Actinobacteria: advancements in soil, plant, and microbial multifactorial interactions. Pedosphere, 2.
Qureshi, W., Saeed, F., Ajaz, M. and Rasool, S. A. (2022). In vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiphage activity of thyme (thymus vulgaris). Pak. J. Bot, 54(3), 1121-1128.
Rahim, B., Zahra, B. and Hadi, S. (2013). Impact of medical Plants as Feed additves Austuralian.J. Basic and App. Sci, 7(6): 420-426.
Samarrai, R., Frank, S., Lum, A., Woodis, K., Weinstock, G. and Roberts, D. (2022). Defining the microbiome of the head and neck: A contemporary review. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 43(1), 103224.
Schelz, Z., Molnar, J., and Hohmann, J. (2006). Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia, 77(4), 279-285.
Sivapathasundharam, B. and Gururaj, N. (2020). Bacterial infections of oral cavity. Shafer’s Textbook of Oral Pathology, 309-326.
Stelter, K. (2014). Tonsillitis and sore throat in children. GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, 13.
Veeraraghavan, V. P., Hussain, S., Papayya Balakrishna, J., Dhawale, L., Kullappan, M., Mallavarapu Ambrose, J. and Krishna Mohan, S. (2021). A comprehensive and critical review on ethnopharmacological importance of desert truffles: Terfezia claveryi, Terfezia boudieri, and Tirmania nivea. Food Reviews International, 1-20.
Wu, Z., Jayachandran, M., Cheang, W. S. and Xu, B. (2022). Black Truffle Extract Exerts Antidiabetic Effects through Inhibition of Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism Regulation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022.
Zhang, P., Mandi, A., Li, X. M., Du, F. Y., Wang, J. N., Li, X. and Wang, B. G. (2014). Varioxepine A, a 3 H-oxepine-containing alkaloid with a new oxa-cage from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii. Organic letters, 16(18), 4834-4837.
How to cite this article
Zayden, M. A. and Saleh, M. K. (2022). The antibacterial activity of some fungal extracts against some bacterial isolates from Tonsillitis in children. Microbial Science Archives, Vol. 2(4), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.47587/MSA.2022.2404
License Article Metadata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
